However, the present authors do not feel that this study has significant problems with either of these biases, due to the methods involving admission and discharge diagnosis ICD-9 codes to identify patients and the fact that only a small amount of missing data was encountered. Additionally, respiratory complications can increase risks of postoperative morbidity and mortality in … We carried out an observational retrospective cohort study, matched for propensity score, linking primary care medical records to data from national mandatory Swedish registries. What happens when you die of copd or pneumonia? Furthermore, similar to most previous randomised controlled trials, pneumonia was based on clinical diagnosis without access to severity grading, laboratory, or radiography data. Along with lung cancer and pneumonia, COPD is one of the three leading contributors to respiratory mortality in developed countries such as the UK. Compared with non-users, new users of higher-dose cannabinoids had a 178% relative increase in hospitalisation for COPD or pneumonia and a 231% relative increase in all-cause mortality. In COPD your oxygen and carbon dioxide levels gradually worsen. COPD places a person at greater risk for contracting pneumonia. All cause mortality did not differ between the treatments (1.08, 0.93 to 1.14; P=0.59). Please note: your email address is provided to the journal, which may use this information for marketing purposes. One or more concomitant comorbid medical conditions were present in 635 (85%) patients. Furthermore, our analysis shows no association between the length of admissions related to pneumonia or all cause mortality based on inhaled corticosteroid use or type, suggesting that any increased risk of mortality associated with pneumonia was probably related to the initial diagnosis of pneumonia and not the ability to successfully manage these events, which is in keeping with the findings of Ernst and colleagues.11 12 Other COPD registry studies, which did not find an association between inhaled corticosteroid use and mortality related to pneumonia, have followed patients only after arrival at hospital.28 In the INSPIRE study, a significant excess of antibiotic driven exacerbations of COPD and a significant increase in pneumonia events was observed in patients treated with fluticasone/salmeterol compared with those treated with tiotropium.12 These excess pneumonia events observed during fluticasone/salmeterol treatment were not related to de novo events without associated exacerbations but were apparent only after unresolved exacerbations.3 In our study, the incidence of pneumonia was also clustered to a greater degree with previous events in the fluticasone/salmeterol group, so while the risk of a first pneumonia was 25% greater with fluticasone/salmeterol versus budesonide/formoterol, the difference in overall event rate was about 75% higher. The statistical analysis plan was agreed on by the study steering committee, and data analysis was performed by the study database owner in collaboration with AstraZeneca. Introduction Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common occurrence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet controversy still remains about its affect on outcome. These findings have implications regarding how to evaluate patients with community-acquired pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and how to decide which antimicrobial agents should be used for initial empirical therapy. Hospital mortality increased sharply after the 60 s, reaching 38.5% after the 90 s. Most of the patients admitted to hospital for pneumonia were male 18,925 (52%). GS, HG, and LJ are fulltime employees of AstraZeneca Nordic. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia exhibited higher 30- and 90-day mortality than patients without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Notwithstanding these limitations, our study also has several important strengths, not least the primary care setting used to initially identify patients with COPD, without restrictions in age, employment status, concomitant drug treatments, comorbidities, and healthcare insurance.

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